Mustafa Azizoğlu, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Esenyurt Necmi Kadioglu State Hospital; Pediatric Surgery Meta-Analysis Study Group (PESMA), (on behalf of Pediatric Surgery Meta-Analysis Association); Pediatric Surgery Stem Cell Application Study Group (PESSCA), (on behalf of Pediatric Surgery Stem Cell Application Association); Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University; Istanbul, Turkey
Asli P. Zorba-Yildiz, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University; Vocational School of Health Care Services, Istinye University; Istanbul, Turkey
Hazal Yilmaz, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
Goncagul Yurtbay, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
Gonul Catli, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University; Istanbul, Turkey
Giray Yavuz, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University; Department of General Surgery, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital; Istanbul, Turkey
Arzu D. Yavas, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydın University; Istanbul, Turkey
Makbule Eren, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University; Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Istinye University; Istanbul, Turkey
Merve Arici, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
Vedat Goken, Vocational School of Health Care Services, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
Selcuk Yasar, Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Health Sciences Institute, Istinye University;; Vocational School of Health Care Services, Istanbul Esenyurt University; Istanbul, Turkey
Hakan Darici, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University; 3D Bioprinting Design and Prototyping R&D Center, Istinye University; Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering R&D Center, Istinye University. Istanbul, Turkey
This review outlines the role of regenerative medicine in surgical applications, focusing on stem cells and exosomes. Among the most important features of stem cells are their unique ability to differentiate into various cell types, which make them stand out in regeneration and repair. Recent advances highlight the effectiveness of not only these cells themselves but also the exosomes, the nano-sized extracellular vesicles they produce, in this regeneration. On the other hand, exosomes assure additional advantages concerning low immunogenicity and high bioavailability but have raised problems in standardization and safety. In fact, the introduction of these stem cell and exosome technologies is changing the management of surgical pathologies and offering hope for diseases hitherto considered incurable. In this review, the use of stem cell therapies in various surgical diseases is categorized and examined, their clinical importance is emphasized, and the deficiencies in research studies are indicated. Therefore, the results are promising for treatments, but more standardized protocols and expanded research on long-term safety and effectiveness are needed.
Keywords: Regenerative medicine. Stem cell. Exosomes. Clinical applications. Surgery.